وفّر 50٪ من خلال الاشتراك السنوي في مجرة واحصل على تصفح لا محدود لأفضل محتوى عربي على الإنترنت.
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هي فرع من فروع الفيزياء الحديثة تفسّر طريقة تفاعل المادة والضوء في الجسيمات الذرية ودون الذرية مثل الذرات والفوتونات والإلكترونات التي تقاس بالنانومتر. تشمل خصائص الجسيمات تفاعلاتها مع بعضها بعضاً ومع الإشعاع الكهرومغناطيسي.
في مطلع القرن العشرين، خضع مجال الفيزياء لتحولين رئيسيين، التحول الأول كان نظرية النسبية العامة لأينشتاين، والتي تعاملت مع الفيزياء الكلاسيكية. والتحول الثاني هو نظرية الكم، التي وضحت أن الطاقة موجودة كحزم منفصلة كل منها يسمى (كم). مكّن هذا الفرع الجديد العلماء من وصف التفاعل بين الطاقة والمادة على المستوى دون الذري.
بدأت رحلة نظرية ميكانيكا الكم من رفض العالم ألبرت آينشتاين لنظرية الكم بسبب حالة عدم اليقين، إيماناً منه بأن كل شيء قابل للحساب والتأكد.
ليقوم بعدها العالمان نيلز بور وماكس بلانك بدراسة أوراق العالم أينشتاين ويثبتان نظرية الكم، حيث يعتبران الأبوين المؤسسين لنظرية الكم. لينضم بعدها أينشتاين لمجموعة علماء ميكانيكا الكم وينشر نظرية التأثير الكهروضوئي والتي فاز عنها بجائزة نوبل عام 1921.
أسهمت ميكانيكا الكم في تطوير الترانزستورات واكتشاف الحوسبة الكمومية، ودراسة الثقوب الدودية من خلال محاكاة الحاسوب الكمومي سيكامور الذي طوّرته جوجل، إضافة إلى:
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