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تكنوضاد ذكاء اصطناعي

تابع الخسارة | LOSS FUNCTION

ما هو تابع الخسارة؟

تابع يستخدم لتحديد مقدار الأخطاء أو الفرق بين مخرجات خوارزمية التعلم الآلي والخرج المستهدف. وبكلمات أخرى هو تابع يقيس بعد القيمة المقدرة عن القيمة الحقيقية. يُستخدم تابع الخسارة بشكل أساسي في مشكلات الأمثلة؛ حيث يكون الهدف فيها تخفيض قيمة هذا التابع إلى الحد الأدنى. ومن أهم الأمثلة على استخداماته تدريب الشبكات العصبونية الاصطناعية من خلال التأثير على الطريقة التي يتم فيها تحديث الأوزان.

هناك العديد من توابع الخسارة التي تُستخدم في مجالات مختلفة. وأهم التوابع المستخدم في مجال التعلم الآلي هي تابع الخسارة 0-1 (Loss 0-1) وتابع الخسارة التربيعي (Quadratic Loss). يعتبر تابع الخسارة 0-1 تابع مؤشر يعيد القيمة 1 عندما يكون الخرج المستهدف والخرج الناتج مختلفان، والقيمة 0 فيما عدا ذلك. أما تابع الخسارة التربيعي فتحسب قيمته عن طريق تربيع قيمة الفرق بين الخرج المستهدف والخرج الناتج.

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