وفّر 5٪ من خلال الاشتراك السنوي في مجرة واحصل على تصفح لا محدود لأفضل محتوى عربي على الإنترنت.
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هي طريقة احتمالية لحل المشكلات التي يمكن حصرها في أفضل الطرق الناتجة عبر الرسوم البيانية، إذ يمثّل النمل الاصطناعي تقنية متعددة الوكلاء مستوحاة من السلوك الفعلي للنمل قدمها ماركو دوريغو لأول مرة في التسعينيات.
يعتبر النمل حشرات اجتماعية تعيش في مجموعات أو مستعمرات بدلاً من العيش بشكلٍ فردي، وتتواصل فيما بينها باستخدام الفيرومونات، وهي المواد الكيميائية التي يفرزها النمل على التربة، ويمكن للنمل من المستعمرة نفسها شمها واتباع تعليمات القائد.
وعند جمع الطعام، يستخدم النمل أقصر مسار متاح من مصدر الطعام إلى المستعمرة، ويتم تحديد المسار الأقصر من خلال الفيرمونات التي أفرزها النمل الذي يبحث عن الطعام، ما يقود لإيجاد النمل أقصر طريق واستخدامه بكثرة، وتقليل تركيز وتبخر الفيرومونات التي تقود إلى مسارات أخرى واختفائها.
يوجد العديد من التطبيقات على خوارزمية تحسين مستعمرة النمل، ومن أمثلتها إدارة وجدولة المواعيد والجداول الزمنية في مجالات مختلفة، مثل تطبيقات الرعاية الطبية وجدولة مواعيد وسائل النقل مثل القطارات وحجز رحلات الطيران ومشاكل توجيه المركبات.
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